Chiropractic care, especially spinal adjustments, is a popular treatment for various musculoskeletal issues, particularly back pain, neck pain, and headaches.
However, concerns about the safety of chiropractic adjustments often arise, especially regarding the potential for adverse effects. This blog will explore the safety of chiropractic adjustments, drawing on evidence-based research to provide a balanced perspective.
What Are Chiropractic Adjustments?
Chiropractic adjustments, also known as spinal manipulations, involve the application of controlled force to a specific joint in the spine or another part of the body. Chiropractors use these adjustments to correct misalignments, improve joint function, and alleviate pain.
The Safety of Chiropractic Adjustments
1. VERY Low Risk of Serious Adverse Effects
The risk of serious adverse effects from chiropractic adjustments is very low. A comprehensive review published in the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics in 2007 found that the incidence of serious complications, such as stroke or vertebral artery dissection, following cervical spine manipulation was estimated to be greater than 1 in 1 million manipulations. These complications, while rare, have raised concerns, particularly when involving neck adjustments.
Research Highlight: A study published in Spine (2001) investigated the risk of vertebrobasilar stroke following chiropractic care. The study concluded that the risk is very low, and the association between chiropractic visits and stroke may be coincidental rather than causal.
2. Mild to Moderate Side Effects Are More Common
While serious complications are rare, mild to moderate side effects are more common. These include temporary discomfort, soreness, or stiffness in the treated area. A study published in the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics in 2010 reported that about 60% of patients experienced mild adverse effects after their first chiropractic adjustment, but these effects typically resolved within 24 to 48 hours.
Research Highlight: A systematic review published in Chiropractic & Manual Therapies (2017) found that the most common side effects of chiropractic adjustments are short-lived and generally mild, including localized pain or discomfort and headaches.
3. Comparative Safety with Other Treatments
When comparing chiropractic care to other common treatments for musculoskeletal pain, such as medication or surgery, chiropractic adjustments generally present a lower risk profile. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid medications, commonly used to manage back pain, carry risks of gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiovascular issues, and dependence.
Research Highlight: A study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine (2012) compared chiropractic care, medication, and exercise for treating neck pain. The study found that spinal manipulation therapy was more effective than medication and had fewer side effects.
4. Patient Selection and Practitioner Expertise Matter
The safety of chiropractic adjustments also depends on patient selection and the expertise of the chiropractor. Patients with certain conditions, such as severe osteoporosis, spinal instability, or a history of stroke, may be at higher risk for complications. Therefore, it is crucial for chiropractors to conduct a thorough assessment before performing any adjustments.
Conclusion
The evidence suggests that chiropractic adjustments are generally safe when performed by trained professionals. The risk of serious adverse effects is low, and the more common side effects are typically mild and short-lived. As with any medical treatment, patient selection, practitioner expertise, and informed consent are crucial to ensuring safety.
In conclusion, while no medical intervention is without risk, chiropractic adjustments are considered safe for the vast majority of patients when delivered appropriately. Continued research and adherence to best practices will further enhance the safety and effectiveness of chiropractic care.